Steel coils are transported to different parts of India on rail rakes from steel plants. These specially designed wagons have rubber liners(pads) to avoid damage to the surface of steel coil and avoid the movement of steel coils during transit (refer figure 1a).
Typically, wagons have about 32 rubber pads. These rubber pads are fixed by using adhesives and rivets at 4 corners (refer figure 1b and figure 1c).
